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                  <text>Green and Blue Project
Jim Gallagher Interview Transcript
Well I joined the Guards in 1969, twenty fifth of June, 1969... and as you’re aware,
that was at the very start of the troubles, and after the initial training... I was sent
down to... William Street in... Limerick city. Two years later then, I was asked to go
to the border, and being a native of... Lettermacaward in west Donegal... I jumped
at the idea because I’d be stationed... about forty five miles from my home in
Lettermacaward... and when I arrived, I moved into digs in the Diamond, which was
right beside the Garda station, there was a sergeant and four Guards, in the station,
on the permanent staff... and the rest of them were all... on temporary, they came
up from... the midlands, Laois and Kildare... and of course, I was from Limerick...
and in each unit in Lifford there was one sergeant and three Guards... the sergeant
was usually from the Mayo Division, and was generally men with fairly... big
service... when I arrived in Lifford, interment, internment had taken place... so there
was... a lot of young men who had fled the security in Northern Ireland, had come
to live in Lifford, and were living in houses and in caravans round Lifford, and...
most of the day was taken up planning how to attack... Strabane with bombs, and
or attack the British Army and the RUC when they came into Clady village, now
Clady village is about five miles from Lifford, on the northern side, and there’s a, a
direct route in at Cloghfin into Clady... now it was a regular occurrence that bombs
were placed in cars in the Lifford area, and they were driven into Strabane and
placed at... business premises... and then the people who planted the bomb would
come... back over to Lifford, to the cheers of the crowds... shooting incidents were a
daily occurrence... any time the British Army came into Clady village, on the
northern side, they were usually met with... attacks from... the southern side, either
from Dunnaloob or from Bonner’s Lane, which... this is, Clady is down in a valley and
the... territory on the... southern side is higher, so they went up and fired into Clady
village, because the British Army had a lookout post there and they usually went into
it, when they arrived in Clady, now they had very poor... results from these...
attacks, I don’t think they ever hit anyone, but they certainly made a lot of noise.
Now we had a strategy, we didn’t have the Army with us at that time,
No, no, no there was none, there was none at all, in actual fact... Cloghfin, which is
the crossing point, was nearly a no-go area as far as we were concerned, ‘twas
Kirk’s, Pub, yeah, and we’ll talk about that later on, there was a bomb went off in it,
but... we had a strategy to deal with these shooting incidents, we didn’t have any
back up of the Army, at the time, we were an unarmed police force, and we’re
dealing with armed terrorists, and the strategy was to... make the area on either
side of... Cloghfin a sort of a sterile area to keep traffic from moving from Lifford...
who were going towards Strabane, or to Castlefin, to stop them well clear, the
Ballybofey car used to go down to Dunnaloob to stop traffic coming into that area,
and the Castlefin car would park on the... opposite side, on the Castlefin side, and
stop traffic coming from Castlefin, and... just one incident, this was practically a daily
occurrence, these attacks, and well anytime the British Army came into Clady, they
were attacked, that was basically it... and I remember one time... the IRA reacted to
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�the way... what our strategy was, because I got a call one day, I was parked on the
Lifford side of Cloghfin, and I got a call from Lifford station, ‘two two four’ to ‘two
two five’, was the call sign, ‘we’re after getting a message from across... the way’,
that was... I mean from the RUC... that they want the driver of the white patrol car
to move the car, as the British Army cannot return fire, he’s in the line of fire, so
[laughs] I can tell you, I wasn’t long getting out of the way. I was the driver of the
car, yeah, so we got away anyway, and the British Army opened up with one of
these Bren guns or whatever, on the top of an armoured vehicle, and I tell you...
there was some noise that day.
The first... the first action that we took against the IRA was... probably six months
after I came in, it was decided to... raid the caravans... up beside the greyhound
track,
They were living, some of them were living in houses, some were living in caravans.
Yeah, just beside the, the old dog track, and I wasn’t involved in the raid in the
morning, but they went up and now they seized loads of explosives and loads of
guns, and they took, there was about forty Guards in for the raid in the morning,
and... they were allowed to leave... and I was on the two to ten shift,
Well once they had, the seizure, took the guns off to Letterkenny with them and
everybody disappeared, you know there was no anticipation that there would be a
backlash... from across in Strabane, but I recall I was in, driving a patrol car and I
was up in a particular house in the Castlefin area, Taylor’s, they kept Guards there,
in digs, and the phone rang to say that they’ve got word from the RUC that a crowd
was gathering in Strabane, and that they were going to march on Lifford Station, in
protest about the earlier raid. So I went down to Castlefin Station and I picked up, I
think it was two other Guards there, so we had four on the way back, and... by the
time we had got back into... Lifford, the crowd had, there was a crowd gathering in,
in Lifford as well, ‘cause the word came across that... this march was coming from
Strabane, so we happened to get up to the station anyway... and... lo and behold,
this crowd of three or four hundred marched across the bridge, and I recall vividly
that they were shouting the name of the local sergeant... ‘bomb the bastard’, ‘kill the
bastard’, and he and his family just lived up the road in a bungalow, and there was
young children in the house at the time, and I have no doubt that they could hear
the chants of these people coming across the bridge ‘cause they lived... less than
half a mile away... but the, people from Strabane joined up with the, with the
protestors from Lifford, and they... marched on the station... and I recall the
sergeant and there was, we at that stage we had mustered seven, and we had a
detective, he was armed... but the leaders of the... the march who were well known
to us, as Provisional IRA activists indeed, leaders... at the time, they handed in a
letter of protest to be conveyed to the Minister for Justice, and immediately they...
shelled us with bottles and we had to retreat into the station... now... when we got
back into the station there was only eight of us, seven uniform people, and the one
detective, the windows were all smashed, I recall... being under the table in the...
public office, ringing Lifford, or sorry, ringing Letterkenny for help, now just to let
you, what the communications were like, the telephone at that stage in Lifford
Station was a box, and you picked up the telephone and you rang this,
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�You wound the handle, and you were hoping that someone would answer down
the... at Post Office in Lifford, and they would put you through, so I was under the
table, trying to ring this thing that was a permanent fixture on top of the table, and
stones coming through the window, but eventually I got through to... to Letterkenny
and alerted them that we were under attack, now... I recall... that, there were a
number, quite a number of fellas up from the Laois, and Kildare area and they used
to play hurling, and they left the hurley sticks... in the Garda station, so we thought
just it might be a good idea to repel the attackers, that we’d... use the hurley sticks,
and we broke up, we had no shields, we’d no riot gear... and as far as I can recall, I
didn’t have my own baton with me either... and, we repelled them back to the
bridge, and then we, at that stage we got out of... the station and we sort of put our
defence... at the, what used to be Devine’s Tea ‘twas closed at that stage, but to,
well we could hide out there, and wait for them to come up, throw their stones,
once they expended their stones, we’d attack, back to the bridge, and we were up
and down, and up and down... and... I remember a young fella, one time coming
after me with a stone, and I waited until he threw it... and I turned back... and he
was picking up another stone... I better not tell you what I did with me hurley!
Now... this, the inspector from Letterkenny, and a whole lot of Guards arrived, and
at that stage we got the old Garda motorcycle helmets, and riot shields and I
thought at that stage... things, you know, we were going to make the final charge,
but... one of the terrorist guys, he was... he was known, so he couldn’t be involved
in the riot, ‘cause we’d be able to pick him out, But, he was breaking up the
concrete on Lifford Bridge, to throw at us,
And then the, when the young fellas came up to attack us, threw their stones, went
back and got replenished, now in the final [pause] sort of a... effort to put them
back into Strabane... we had probably about twenty or thirty Guards at that stage,
and we had our shields and we had our riot helmets, and we headed back over the
bridge, and I was pretty fit, with that playing county minor, and playing county
senior, or at that stage I was playing club senior football, and I was first across the
bridge, and I didn’t realise that... the footpaths had been dug up, to use as
ammunition against us, and in my haste to get after... some of these nefarious fellas
that were attacking us, I didn’t see... with that eye shield in front of me, I didn’t see
the hole in the bridge, and I fell, and just as I fell, I got hit with a stone, on the
eye... and I received ten or twelve stitches and I was taken back to Lifford
Hospital... and who was on the slab... at Lifford Hospital only the guy, my friend that
I had met earlier.
And I remember the doctor saying to him, ‘where are you from?’ he was
accompanied by two well known Provos, and the doctors asked him... ‘where are
you from?’ and he says ‘Strabane’, and the doctor says, ‘well, you go back to
Strabane and you get... you get fixed up over there’, so I was next up on the slab to
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�get my ten or twelve stitches anyway. Now... that was the first... time that we took
any action against the Provisional IRA, and... I’ll just tell you another incident
which... would probably outline... what the attitude was to these Provisionals at this
stage... I remember being on a checkpoint with myself with a sergeant who... since
deceased, he was on temporary up from Ballymote, and we were doing a checkpoint
just at the, where the roundabout is now in Lifford, and this Volkswagen came
through and failed to stop, so I was after doing my driving, passing my driving...
course, and mad to show my skills as a driver, and tore off with the sergeant after
this buck, anyway... and they turned up into a... a housing estate, up the Lifford, or
up the Castlefin Road... and there was only one way into the housing estate, and
one way out, so I blocked off the way out with the patrol car, and this guy... this
guy stopped at a house, and we knew... who they were leaving off, because they
were well known to us... and he approached then in the Volkswagen and myself and
the sergeant got out and we searched it, and as you know the old white
Volkswagen, the boot is in the front of it, and we lifted up the boot, and in the front
of it was a scone of bread... a knife... one of the old bread knives with the wooden
handle, they were very... prevalent at those time, a battery, and hundreds of metres
of wire... so you wouldn’t have to be a genius to put two and two together,
The sergeant anyway... a good fella, he said... he arrested this fella under Section
30 for being a member of the IRA, and we took him down to the station, in Lifford,
and the sergeant decided to ring... Letterkenny to let them know that we’d this
fella... so we’re starting to swab him for explosives and getting the kit ready, and
next thing, the phone rang from Letterkenny to tell us let him out. [Pause] So, that
was... I don’t know if that was an isolated incident, but certainly it’s one that stands
out in my memory. [Pause] Another incident that stands out during this two year
period, is... the twelfth of July, I think it was 1972... where the Protestant
community... were, they normally have a feeder parade, they marched down St
Johnston village, and then they head off to... whatever the main parade is in
Northern Ireland... so they, they had their parade in the morning, and they were
attacked and I think, as far as I know a few drums were smashed, but anyway they
got away and they had their celebration of the twelfth of July in wherever... they
were in Northern Ireland... and then they arrived back that evening, and... we had
quite a number of Guards there... to prevent... they, they were able to march up the
village okay... because we had a lot of Guards there, but... then... there was quite a
number of attacks on... Protestant... halls and Protestant... houses, now this was a
very serious escalation, at this stage now, there was the, the Bogside which wasn’t
that far away, was a no-go area... and... it was a very serious escalation of it where
they were attacking houses, and Protestant halls, so I recall... we sent away to get
the Fire Brigade to put out a fire and the Fire Brigade was hijacked on the way, at
the scene, and it was driven down by... the old railway station, now there’s a cricket
club down there... and I was the first patrol car to go down to try and retrieve it,
and there was two other patrol cars come in behind me, and... we found the... the
Fire Brigade... the engine was running and I turned, once we had it retrieved then,
‘twas grand, I turned back... and on the way out anyway, I came up to the Hole in
the Wall pub,
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�At the crossroads, and at that point, the people came out, had already come out of
the Hole in the Wall, had been drinking in it... and they had the place blocked up
with tar barrels, and... big planks of wood, there was a building being built directly
opposite the... so... I had to make a decision, what was I going to do? So I did, I
was only twenty one at the time, and... my decision was anyway to ram the tar
barrels and the car went into a bit of a spin... and it got caught on the grass verge...
so a man who was known to me approached the patrol car... he pulled the door
straight back off its hinges and told me ‘get out’... now I recall taking out my baton,
and I must... you know, there was about, at least fifty or sixty people there, armed
with all sorts of... boards and, from the building site that was there adjacent to
them, so I was told to go anyway, and... I headed down towards Ard Bathan, which
would be on the road to Carrigans, and I recall... I had the baton in the hand
because I hadn’t put it back in a pocket, and... there was a... I was able to pick that
all these guys off, they were running after other Guards that were running in the
same direction, but I was coming behind them, and I was able to pick them off as I
was passing them, from the back! [laughs] So, the Ballybofey patrol car picked us
up, and we went back onto the main street of St Johnston... and we were organising
a baton charge... and it took us a while to get the whole thing organised, and we
started the baton charge, and we heard two fierce bangs, and as we got down to
the top of the hill there before you go down to main road, there was two fellas lying
on a footpath... and... we didn’t know what happened them... and they told us ‘we
were shot, we’re shot, we’re shot’ [pause] and... we didn’t believe them for a while,
and maybe... we might have handled them a bit better if we realised that they had
been shot, but what happened was, they attacked a Protestant house at the side, in
in the main street, St Johnston... the owner, afraid of his family... well, was
protecting his family, he shot from the top of the stairs down through the door, and
it shot the two boys who were attacking it outside... and that, that baton charge
ended the riots of St Johnston at that time, and... for several days, and maybe
weeks afterwards, we were protecting the Protestant community... in the St
Johnston area, there was protection of all the Protestant houses, but it was a fierce
strain on resources and there was some compromise anyway and it was taken off.
Yeah [pause] so [pause] another incident, I suppose it just shows you how
dangerous things were... we got a report that there was a bomb, there were bombs
at, I think it was... Bridgend? Killea... I think there might have been one in
Ballyshannon, and one at Lifford, now the Army at that stage, the bomb disposal
people had come in and they’d cleared the other three... and we were waiting for
them for first light, to... have a look at the one in Lifford, so there was men on the
Lifford side, Guards on the Lifford side to prevent people from crossing over the
bridge, and there was a sort of a presumption that there was nothing in it, because
the other three had been cleared, so I remember I was Station Orderly anyway
and... started at six, and I think it was sometime around ten... past seven or
something like that, this bomb went off... in the middle of Lifford Bridge... and all
the windows in the Garda station came in around me... I was sitting at the, there
was an old hearth fire, the old open fire... was in Lifford at the time, and... I got a...
I tell you... it fairly wakened me up anyway at that time of the morning, you’d be
fairly drowsy at six or seven in the morning, do you know? But, the dangerous part
about it is, at that stage of the, the Customs in Lifford had their office in the middle
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�of... just at the entrance to the bridge, in the middle of the road, cars went both
sides of it, and the engine of the car was blown right over that building, and landed
beside where the two Guards were that were preventing people from coming across,
now there was no-one... to prevent people from coming from the northern side, like
the camel’s hump wasn’t in existence at the time, and it’d be very dangerous for the
RUC, because they’d be attacked from the southern side if they showed their face,
so people had been walking past that from the northern side... and it could have
gone off at any time, and they’d be blown to smithereens, yeah.
Now, I suppose another major incident was, as far as we were concerned anyway,
was... there was a new Chief and a new Super, came to... to Letterkenny, and they
were, they wanted to obviously wanted to... get them, they were from down the
country, and... they decided they’d go out and have a tour of the border, but when
they arrived out, didn’t the IRA start peppering them with... bullets, I don’t know
exactly what time this happened at, but it was obviously during daylight, and I
remember I started work in Lifford at ten o’clock ten p.m., .. and we got the call to
go up to Castlefin... that the chief and the super were missing.
We went up to Lifford and the sergeant there, John S O’Connor, God rest him, he’s
dead... a Kerryman, great fella... he... he told us that the patrol car that went out
looking for him hadn’t reported back... and that the Chief and the Super and the
Detective that was with them... were missing... so I can’t recall who was with me,
but I remember him driving the patrol car, and we went down to Dunnaloob which is
right beside the border, and rather than drive into trouble, we decided... we’d
reverse in, and put off the lights, it was probably a naïve enough way of thinking,
that if we were attacked, that the fact that they only could see one light at the rear,
they might miss us if they shot at us, you know? So, we reversed in anyway, and
Jesus, next thing we met the Chief and the Super coming... pushing a Cortina... I
don’t know what it is, is it a Mark I, I think it would be, the one with the... the
steering wheel.
The ignition, the keys were gone out of the ignition and there was a steering lock on
it, and the Chief and the Super couldn’t leave... the patrol car behind them, I don’t
know where the Detective went... and... we rescued them anyway, and took them
out, but those were the type of incidents, now we had another incident then... ‘twas
probably towards the end of ’73, we’d a young man... that was walking across
Lifford Bridge, or Clady Bridge... with the intention of placing a bomb... in the
lookout post where the British Army used to come, it was... the cases when they
weren’t there, but they used to come to it, when they arrived... on patrol, and... the
bomb went off in this young fella’s hand... and blew him to smithereens, and you
know it was an awful sight, because... you know we were only twenty one, twenty
two and have to go around scraping his... body off... the bridge at Clady, and fair
dues to the British Army, they shone their lights across for us, they had good lights,
and we were... we’d only torches, and... I recall... putting about five or six bags...
into the back of the patrol car, of human matter... and taking them up to Lifford
Hospital... and the priest, I remember it vividly, the priest praying over them, you
know and he was said, it was an awful thing, you know? Now the person that was
with them was... with this young man that was blown up and killed... he was taken
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�to hospital and he was eventually charged, now I don’t know what happened to him,
but... went down the next day anyway, and there was a gun battle going on... the...
[British] Army were still in Clady and the IRA attacked them from the southern
side... and we couldn’t go down to retrieve... any more bodies, or any more in
daylight you know, so... I recall having to go down and taking another bag away
where the civilians... gathered up some of the flesh, and I took it back to Lifford to,
to... so [pause] I was injured in the summer of ’73, ‘twas a... a simple enough
incident, but nearly had [pause] dire consequences. The sergeant in Lifford asked us
to go up to Castlefin, to collect some sort of a form that he needed for the monthly
returns, so I went up anyway, and we met Sergeant O’Connor, and he gave us the
form and I remember it was a beautiful morning, I arrived eleven or twelve o’clock
in the morning, and we were just at patrolling speed, coming... having left Castlefin,
heading back to Lifford with the form, and a crowd of about twenty young youths
came out of a shed, as far as I can recall it was... they used to manufacture
McKinney’s Trailers in it, and they... pelted us with stones at point blank range, now
one of those stones came through the windscreen of the patrol car and hit me flush
on the nose... the car went out of control, it mounted an embankment, where the
council had cut through an embankment to widen the road, it bounced off, I’m told
this – because I was knocked out – by my observer... and it came back down off this
embankment and stayed in front of a lorry, but at this stage the observer... had
control of the car and stopped it,
I was knocked out, hit by the stone on the nose, knocked out... cold, yeah... and... I
remember putting down the windscreen of the car... and... I must have regained
consciousness, because I drove back... I drove the patrol car back to Lifford... and I
was in Lifford Hospital overnight, I had a severe injury to the left side of my face,
just under my left eye... and I was taken to Letterkenny Hospital then, and I spent a
week in Letterkenny Hospital, and... I was under the eye of a consultant there, the...
who had no experience of dealing with... ear and nose or throat injuries, he was a
general... Surgeon, yeah... so, the ward in the... hospital was like a half-way house,
every Guard in the country that was up on the border and further afield was coming
in to see me, and it wasn’t doing a lot for my injury... and I was bleeding profusely
into my stomach from an injury at the back of my nose... the blood was going in and
‘twas making me vomit, so I was getting weaker and weaker, so they eventually
decided that they’d give me a blood transfusion, now I had a blood transfusion card
in my pocket, or in my... belongings, which showed that I had rhesus O negative
blood, it’s the universal blood, I can give blood to anybody... but... when I saw the
nurse hanging up the blood that was... I told her that, you know, that wasn’t my
blood, that I was a rhesus O negative, that that was positive blood, ‘ah’ she says,
that ‘that’s okay’, you know, so next thing I had a... I flaked out when I got this
blood, so I recall my mother coming in the next day and I said to her, ‘I want out of
here’... and [pause] it was arranged that I... that a consultant would come in from
Altnagelvin, there was two of them in the house, one of them was Harvey, the other
was a big young lad, I’m not too hundred per cent sure which of them came in,
but... the hospital... was sort of caught on the hop, they were waiting for him at a
particular time, but he came an hour earlier, and he asked the nurse, ‘well, what’s
his blood pressure?’ She didn’t know. He asked her, did I receive a blood
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�transfusion, she didn’t know, so I was able to answer, I knew what my blood
pressure was, I knew that I had got the wrong blood, so I, I embraced the
consultant, I said ‘I want out of here’... so, he said, ‘okay, it’s either Dublin or Derry’,
I said ‘I’ll go to Derry’, so there was arrangements made with the security forces in,
in, with the British Army at the checkpoints, that I was an emergency transfer and
that I was [pause] a member of the Guards and that I’d been injured on duty, and I
went into Derry and... the consultants in there... who knew what they were at, knew
what they were about, had me, I spent about another month in Altnagelvin Hospital,
and at one stage I was being prayed for in the local, the churches at home, such
was my deterioration in Letterkenny Hospital. So that was in the summer of ’73, and
then in... I then... was recuperating at home, and I came back to work I think in
about November... and I applied for a transfer... and I got a transfer to
Manorhamilton, in County Leitrim, I didn’t want to go back to Limerick, because it
was too far away and they facilitated me in Manorhamilton and... ‘twas the best
thing ever I did... because totally different scenario up there, people were very
supportive, crime rates was low, there was no... very little subversive activity, we
had to be on the ball, but not to the same extent that... was in Lifford, and I spent
six very happy years in Manorhamilton, so that’s ended the sort of... Direct
confrontation, yeah with the Provos, you know?
I came back, well I went into... into Sligo then, and I spent two years on the beat in
Sligo, and I was promoted then to sergeant, I went back down to... Kinlough, in
Leitrim... back on the border again... ‘twas during the Anglo-Irish Agreement, that
was... I went down there, I think it was ’82 to ’86... and we had a, the Anglo-Irish
Agreement was set up, and... there was a lot of security came up from the west of,
from Mayo and Roscommon, we’d a lot of detectives, every, all our... checkpoints
were armed, and... I eventually, there was no incidents there, the odd stolen car
going through checkpoints, and that stuff, but there was no subversive incidents...
and I went back then into in-service training, as a training sergeant for four years...
and then I went in as a sergeant, duty sergeant in Sligo for two, then a sergeant in
charge of Sligo, and I was promoted and sent back to... Donegal again in Buncrana
in ’93. As an Inspector, and then I got a transfer, I only spent about five months in
Buncrana, I went in then to... Letterkenny, and... most of my work there was court
prosecutions and making decisions on files and that sort of stuff, a lot of it was
indoor work... and then I was promoted and went to... Milford in... ’97... intended to
stay in Milford for the rest of my service, but... that was interrupted by the Carthy
Inquiry into... malpractice in Donegal, and I was sent into Letterkenny in 1999 for
what I thought would only be six weeks but ended up being nearly seven years...
went right through the Carthy Inquiry, and right into the Morris Tribunal, and then in
2005 I went back to... Milford for three years, and then for the final year, 2009/2010
I was a commissioner... sending me out to... as a commander in Nicosia,
commander of the... UN in Sector 2, which were policing the buffer zone between
the Greeks and the Turks, and I came back,
Yeah, that was fairly uneventful, there was no... whilst we had to be vigilant, and we
worked hard, there was no major incidents, and I came back in the February of
8	&#13;  
	&#13;  

�2010 and I had a month of my mandatory service left and I retired then a month
later in March, 2010.
If you were in the Guards, when we were on the border now, there was only, in
Lifford there was only twelve Guards and three or four sergeants, there was you
know about thirty Guards in Lifford when I came back, and sergeants, there was
permanent checkpoints at Cloghfin and... up at... on the way into Castlederg, and
you know, all the border roads had been blown up, so you know, things had
changed, the Guards got organised, we had then, we had the foot and mouth and
we had the...BSE... incidents, you know we, they went on for a long time, and it was
a big drag on resources, but we managed to do a great job in relation to both of
those things, and kept the... both diseases away from... ruining our national herd,
you know?

9	&#13;  
	&#13;  

�</text>
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